Stamp Duty Calculator

Estimate how much Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) you may pay when purchasing residential property in England or Northern Ireland.

Calculate Stamp Duty

Important Disclaimer

Stamp Duty calculations shown on this page are illustrative estimates only. Actual tax liability may vary depending on exemptions, reliefs, or legislative changes.

How Stamp Duty Works

Stamp Duty Land Tax is calculated using a progressive band system. Each portion of the property price is taxed at a different rate.

  • The first portion may be tax-free
  • Higher bands apply to higher portions of the purchase price
  • Only the amount within each band is taxed at that rate

Additional Stamp Duty Charges

Some buyers may pay additional surcharges:

  • Second homes or buy-to-let properties
  • Non-UK residents purchasing property
  • Certain corporate purchases

Stamp Duty Timeline

Major changes to UK Stamp Duty rates since 1984.

Mar 1984
1984 – 1991
Modern stamp duty structure introduced
Dec 1991
1991 – 1992
Temporary recession stimulus
Mar 1993
1993 – 1997
Threshold doubled to £60,000
Jul 1997
1997 – 1998
New higher bands introduced
Mar 2000
2000 – 2003
Top rate increased to 4%
Dec 2003
2003 – 2005
SDLT introduced
Mar 2005
2005 – 2006
Threshold raised to £120,000
Mar 2006
2006 – 2008
Threshold raised to £125,000
Sep 2008
2008 – 2009
Financial crisis stamp duty holiday
Mar 2010
2010 – 2011
Temporary first-time buyer relief introduced
Apr 2011
2011 – 2012
5% rate introduced above £1 million
Mar 2012
2012 – 2012
7% rate introduced above £2 million
Dec 2014
2014 – 2016
Marginal SDLT system introduced
Apr 2016
2016 – 2017
Higher rates for additional dwellings introduced
Nov 2017
2017 – 2020
First-time buyer relief introduced
Jul 2020
2020 – 2021
Temporary SDLT holiday introduced
Jul 2021
2021 – 2021
Temporary nil-rate band reduced to £250,000
Sep 2022
2022 – 2024
Threshold increased to £250,000
Oct 2024
2024 – 2025
Higher rates for additional dwellings increased to 5%
Apr 2025
2025 – Present
Threshold reverted to £125,000

Stamp Duty Historic Rates

The tables below summarise historic Stamp Duty and SDLT rates in England and Northern Ireland since 1984. Rates shown are for standard residential purchases.

1 Apr 2025 – Present

Threshold reverted to £125,000; FTB relief returns to £300k / £500k.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 2.00%
£250,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
31 Oct 2024 – 31 Mar 2025

Higher rates for additional dwellings increased from 3% to 5%.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £250,000 0.00%
£250,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
23 Sep 2022 – 30 Oct 2024

Threshold increased to £250,000; FTB relief widened.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £250,000 0.00%
£250,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
1 Oct 2021 – 22 Sep 2022

Temporary SDLT reductions end; standard thresholds restored.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 2.00%
£250,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
1 Jul 2021 – 30 Sep 2021

Temporary nil-rate band reduced to £250,000.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £250,000 0.00%
£250,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
1 Apr 2021 – 30 Jun 2021

Temporary SDLT holiday continues; additional dwellings surcharge still applies.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £500,000 0.00%
£500,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
8 Jul 2020 – 31 Mar 2021

Temporary SDLT holiday: nil-rate band increased to £500,000.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £500,000 0.00%
£500,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
22 Nov 2017 – 7 Jul 2020

Modern first-time buyer relief introduced.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 2.00%
£250,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
1 Apr 2016 – 21 Nov 2017

Higher rates for additional dwellings introduced (+3%).

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 2.00%
£250,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
4 Dec 2014 – 31 Mar 2016

Marginal SDLT system introduced.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 2.00%
£250,000 – £925,000 5.00%
£925,000 – £1,500,000 10.00%
£1,500,000 – No upper limit 12.00%
25 Mar 2012 – 3 Dec 2014

FTB temporary relief ended; slab system continues.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – £1,000,000 4.00%
£1,000,000 – £2,000,000 5.00%
£2,000,000 – No upper limit 7.00%
22 Mar 2012 – 24 Mar 2012

7% rate introduced above £2 million; FTB relief still active during short overlap.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – £1,000,000 4.00%
£1,000,000 – £2,000,000 5.00%
£2,000,000 – No upper limit 7.00%
6 Apr 2011 – 21 Mar 2012

5% rate introduced above £1 million.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – £1,000,000 4.00%
£1,000,000 – No upper limit 5.00%
25 Mar 2010 – 5 Apr 2011

Temporary first-time buyer relief available up to £250,000.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – No upper limit 4.00%
1 Jan 2010 – 24 Mar 2010

Standard slab rates restored after the 2008–2009 holiday.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – No upper limit 4.00%
3 Sep 2008 – 31 Dec 2009

Temporary nil-rate threshold increased to £175,000.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £175,000 0.00%
£175,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – No upper limit 4.00%
23 Mar 2006 – 2 Sep 2008

Nil-rate threshold raised to £125,000.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £125,000 0.00%
£125,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – No upper limit 4.00%
17 Mar 2005 – 22 Mar 2006

Nil-rate threshold raised to £120,000.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £120,000 0.00%
£120,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – No upper limit 4.00%
1 Dec 2003 – 16 Mar 2005

SDLT replaces Stamp Duty; same residential slab bands.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £60,000 0.00%
£60,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – No upper limit 4.00%
28 Mar 2000 – 30 Nov 2003

Top slab rate increased to 4%.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £60,000 0.00%
£60,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 3.00%
£500,000 – No upper limit 4.00%
16 Mar 1999 – 27 Mar 2000

Top slab rate increased to 3.5%.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £60,000 0.00%
£60,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 2.50%
£500,000 – No upper limit 3.50%
24 Mar 1998 – 15 Mar 1999

Top slab rate increased to 3%.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £60,000 0.00%
£60,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 2.00%
£500,000 – No upper limit 3.00%
8 Jul 1997 – 23 Mar 1998

New higher slab bands introduced.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £60,000 0.00%
£60,000 – £250,000 1.00%
£250,000 – £500,000 1.50%
£500,000 – No upper limit 2.00%
16 Mar 1993 – 7 Jul 1997

Threshold increased to £60,000.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £60,000 0.00%
£60,000 – No upper limit 1.00%
20 Aug 1992 – 15 Mar 1993

Threshold restored to £30,000.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £30,000 0.00%
£30,000 – No upper limit 1.00%
20 Dec 1991 – 19 Aug 1992

Temporary threshold increase to £250,000.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £250,000 0.00%
£250,000 – No upper limit 1.00%
13 Mar 1984 – 19 Dec 1991

0% up to £30,000, then 1% slab.

Property Price Rate
£0 – £30,000 0.00%
£30,000 – No upper limit 1.00%